Tuesday, April 30, 2019

What are the main aspects of Mills principle of liberty Are they too Essay

What are the main aspects of Mills principle of liberty Are they too shadowed to be of any practical political value - Essay Examplean be considered to be among the well-nigh influential books dealing with the liberal principle of John Mill and it has as its main theme at the beginning a distinction of the threats to liberty both from the past as well as the vernal ones.According to Mill, the greatest threat to liberty that existed in the past consisted of all the authority in the hunting lodge being in the hands of few individuals, either in the form of monarchy or aristocracy (Mill, 1859). He believes that although there could be less in a bad way(p) concerning the restrictions to face-to-face liberties by benevolent monarchs, it is a fact that the personal freedoms of individuals in the society tended to be suppressed under monarchs that were not accountable to their people. Instead, the latter monarchs would put their hold interests first before those of their people, thus ensuring that they worked towards the suppression of the liberties enjoyed their people in pursuit of their personal goals. The traditional threats to liberty, correspond by the rule of authoritarian monarchs, were threats which had to be addressed through the intervention of philosophical radicals who would institute elected reforms for the benefit of the populace. According to Mill, the traditional threats to liberty are not the only ones that members of the society should be worried about and this is mainly because even in representative states, there are threats to the personal liberties its citizens (Jacobson, 2000). However, in this case, alternatively of the tyranny of individuals being dominant in the society, there is the tyranny of the majority, so that the minority has little woof but to follow the lead of the majority or suffer dire consequences. As a offspring of these views, Mill sets out to develop his principles concerning how the threats to liberties can be ne utralized in any society, notwithstanding whether it is democratic or not.Mill states that the main idea behind the control of individuals within the society through the defensive structure

Monday, April 29, 2019

Blacks Leisure Group Plc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Blacks leisure magazine throng Plc - sheath Study ExampleBlacks leisure Group Plc is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the leading sell alfresco and board wear group in United Kingdom. The company carries all its operations under devil categories The Outdoor Group and the Boardwear Division. The Outdoor Group comprises Millets and Blacks, the largest outdoor retailers in the UK, and Freespirit and Mambo, the leading retail chains in the newly emerging UK boardwear market. The Boardwear Division comprises the wholesale and retail arms of the ONeill brand, one of the worlds leading names in boardwear. The Group has the exclusive distri just nowion rights to the brand for the UK. In brief, the company operates more than 450 stores under seven companies- owned and managed retail chains. 1. A macro-environmental and competitive audit The UK Boardwear market has been growing strongly in recent old age and is estimated to be worth around 400m at retail prices. Blacks Leisure is mark et leader in this quick growing market segment through its ONeill and Free Spirit businesses. The main competitors for Blacks Leisure Group is Debenhams, JJB Sports, Snow & Rock and Halfords. With an increase in the number of consumers of the broad wear market, the competition has been growing tremendously. A large number of new entrants be seen entering this market in the past few years. However, Blacks Leisure still continues to dominate the market with its large range of products and a large number of outlets.PEST compend PEST analysis is concerned with the environmental influences on a business. The acronym stands for the Political, Economic, Social and Technological issues that could affect the strategical development of a business. Identifying PEST influences is a useful way of summarizing the external environment in which a business operates. Although the PEST analyses rely on past events and experience, it can be used as a forecast of the future (Wilson and Gilligan, 199 8).Political factorsThe political environment is good. The government is stable and reliable, even if Britain fails to achieve meat agreement with some EU policies from time to time. At present no EU directives ar cognize which will have a direct effect on the UK sports or outdoor wear retail industry in the near future. Due to the EU membership a trend can be seen towards stricter environmental protection legislation. This may have a direct or indirect effect on Blacks Leisure Plc or its suppliers.Economic factorsLooking at the economic environment, it is somewhat tricky since on one hand there is the strong sterling compared to the Euro. Euroland encourages imports and endeavors to hold domestic prices at an attractive level. But on the other hand it is difficult for UK to be competitive outside its boundaries because of the high pound sterling turn rate against the Euro. As Blacks Leisure Group sells about 92% in the UK marketplace, this may currently merely have a limited e ffect, but could be more important in the future when thought process globally.Social factorsIn the present world scenario it is being observed that the people retire earlier these days, and are working for shorter hours as well. Average working hours per week have decreased over the last 20 years. As a result people have more spare time. This means they have time to compare prices in the High Street and the quality of goods and services from retailers. As a result they are spending more time comparing different sellers. Another issue these days is the Green environmental issues. A large number of people are getting concern over the environment and hence are getting in the depth of the production cycle of products. Blacks Leisure is taking different step to assure people that they operate as an eco-friendly environment.Technological factorsAnother issue is the speed of technological transfers which excessively has an impact on the industry - it is not comparable with the fast gr owing internet business - but nevertheless it

Sunday, April 28, 2019

Octavian by M.T. Anderson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Octavian by M.T. Anderson - Essay ExampleAnderson. The appropriate tells the story of Octavian, a boy of African-American heritage who spiriteds with his m some other at The Novanglian College of Lucidity. He is brought up among scientists and philosophers and is given over luxurious treatment throughout his life. In the first volume, we learn about the education of Octavian he is trained in music and religious studies, and music studies have made him a talented violinist. Initially Octavian was below the impression, or it could be that he had the illusion, that each of the members living at The Novanglian College of Lucidity is equal. However, as a leave of a mistake committed by his mother, both of them are thrown out of the college and have to live with Richard Sharpe. Octavian believed that he was a free member of the Utopian society but his dreams are shattered by Sharpes plan to experiment on him to prove that the African race is inferior to white and other races. Thus Oc tavian comes to find out the reality of living in the old America.

Saturday, April 27, 2019

Article Summary Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

stocky - Article ExampleThe term is a description of the way in which infants react to feeling and conditions. In an argument by Bartolotti (2009) sisterren tend to be sensitive when exposed to situations they have no psychological potency to handle. Additionally, the article embraces the fact that children ted to behave according to the milieu they are raised in. rears enable children to perceive the environment depending on the way they are raised (Bartolotti, 2009). Depending on early childhood environment of a child, a child develops different ways in which they relate to the environment around them. In addition, the article explains the boldness that the psychological development of a child is determined by the development of their age. At a gentle age, a child is easily offended by the easiest of provocations. With time this notion changes (Bartolotti, 2009).The basic creation of the article is based on the fact for a child to develop it require more than parental care. With parent education, parents are enabled to understand the psychological approach to handling children in regards to their age. In an argument by Bartolotti (2009) a child displays specific behaviors depending on their age. Parent education enlightens a parent on such condition as it aims at increasing the relation between the parent and the child. Understanding a child as more than just a sibling is important to their growth due to the fact that the child detection and needs would be effectively catered for. In an argument by Bartolotti (2009) the temperament of a child displays importantly the direction of a child behavior. The author further points out that understanding this factor of a child and the stages of the factor it becomes easier to address the issues of the child and understand the display of behavior by the child. An adult can all the way understand this behavior by accessing parent

Friday, April 26, 2019

Health promotion theroy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health promotion theroy - Coursework ExampleThis possibleness is normally based on the fact that the readiness of an individual to act depends on his or her own perceptions. These perceptions admit severity of the consequences, the potential benefits, and cost of taking that particular action as well as the susceptibility. The main advantage of this scheme is that subsequent interventions can be planned and made on the basis of the reaction of an individual towards these concepts.This scheme was purposely developed to respond to the issue of the failure of the free TB wellness screening plan. This model can be used to look into a number of both short-run and long-term health behaviors which include the transmission of HIV/AIDS and other sexual risk behaviors (Glanz & Lewis, 2002). This theory argues that a person will normally take a health-related act such as utilize a condom if he feels that HIV can be avoided, expects a positive result by using protection and if he believes that he can effectively take an optional health action. This theory is very useful when planning for the community health program. You will be in a authority to predict the proper plan of action to take after taking these studies in the community. However, it is worth noting that the theory does not look into other aspects of the individual such as the environment in which they live (John,

Thursday, April 25, 2019

Assignment 1- Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment 1- Accounting - Essay ExampleIn a balance sheet, the sum of wholly the liabilities and the equity of an organization should be equal to the assets as all the assets would either be financed through taking up liabilities or providing equity to the stockholders. Therefore,Assets argon the economic resources that atomic number 18 owned by an organization. They may be tangible in nature such as building, inventory, cash, accounts due etc., or intangible in nature such as good will. Broadly speaking, there ar two kinds of assets Fixed and Current Assets. Currents assets are assets which can be easily reborn into cash such as inventory and accounts receivable. Assets which cannot be easily converted into cash such as real estate, buildings are known as fixed assets.Liabilities are debt that is held by an organization. An organization may have taken up debt from its suppliers, or banks, or vendors and creditors. This section shows all the cash that an organization has to p ay off, in the short shape or in the long terms.The third section, Equity, is another method of raising money, where shares are given to stockholders and money is taken from them for the purpose of the business. Shares help the stockholders become part owners of the organization.Balance sheet provides information regarding the trends that are stupefy related to an organization regarding the elements of the balance sheet. A comparative analysis of balance sheet items such as accounts receivable, accounts payable would help identify trends everywhere the years regarding these assets and liabilities. Or are the cash reserves declining over the years the investors might then look deeply into the matter to see the reason behind it. In short, it provides the changing scenario of the organization over the years in a profit and loss statement, the information is pertaining to that sealed year only.Fixed Assets are a part of the Assets they are those assets of the organization which cann ot be easily converted into

Wednesday, April 24, 2019

U.S Navy in early American history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

U.S Navy in early American history - Essay ExampleDespite the fact the Old Navy was basal sized it had the most sophisticated warships in the world. It presented a platform to the modernization of the Navy. The Status and existence of the Rhode Island was prioritized by the US government. Therefore the creation of the navy was billight-emitting diode and passed by Parliament of the Rhode Island in seventeen seventy seven in Greenwich (East). It should be noted that these events took place after the military hierarchy promotion of skipper Abraham Whipple in to an Army General. Governor Nicholas Cooke issued a confirmation to this. It was a defense move against the Frigates from Britain who posed a constant threat to the trade activities in Rhode Island. It was so serious that President George Washington begun buying warships development his own resources. The Schooner Hannah was one of the ships. The Continental relation back endorsed the buying of two ships that were well armed to attack the ships from their enemies wish British for this matter. There was to be the existing policy that was to be adhered to by the continental fleet that was to persist throughout the Revolution. The first policy was written by John Adams which was accepted by the congress. Towards the end of 1775, the Congress ordered the position up of thirteen frigates in the following a quarter a year, putting into account the resolution that was passed earlier on. Also, there was construct of five ships that have two and two thirds loads of guns, five ships with two and a quarter cardinals guns, and three ships with two dozens of guns. A dozen ships that were build under the order of Benedict Arnold to prevent the British from attacking New York after Canada. This Arnolds fleet did not manage that of British whereas the fleet which brought the British fleet was the U.S fleet in the war called Battle of Valcour Island. Later on, the ships vessels that were constructed were overpower ed by the Royal Navy, which was more powerful than them. The only American hero in the navy who defeated the British fleet was John Paul Jones, who was Thought to have attacked other ships by their owners and when asked he put it boldly that the fight had not yet began. There took place the Revolutionary struggle which its end resulted into the break up the Navy of the continent in 1785, after the approval of pact of Paris. It is the Treaty of Paris that kept British Navy to work together with the ship trading and their support cease after the dispersing of the continental navy. The war between the American marine trade transporters and their attackers at the coast led to the Naval Act 1794. There was order that the Act should have the six frigates as one of its composition. the frigates comprised of quadruplet with three ant two thirds dozens of guns and two having three dozens of guns. The Navy then allied with the northern states and the coastal part and their enemies came f rom the interior parts. The establishment of the Naval Act led to the start of building a half a dozen frigates, namely USS United States Chesapeake, Constitution, Constellation, USS United States, the congress and the president. The most favourite of all was Constitution that was branded a name Old Ironsides with a lot of input from Oliver Wendell Holmes senior The American Navy later fought the Navy from France in The Quasi-war as a result of Treaty of alliance formed in 1778. The US played in away that it supported British and French every bit in their fight but after the formation of the treaty referred to as Jay Treaty became

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 32

English - Essay ExampleJeter started his career when he was only 20 years sexagenarian in 1995 and has spent his entire career with the Yankees.He was quick in the journey of success and carry out great popularity and numerous triumphs in very short span of time. Let me mention some major, if not all, awards here. He was four time NY Yankees player of the year, 9-time AL All-Star (1998-2002, 2004, 2006-2008), won 3 Gold Glove awards and awarded area Series Most Valuable Player in 2000.We can say that Jeter started his carrier long past when he was a student in Kalamazoo Central High School. From there onward, he started to gain achievements and alike received a baseball scholarship to attend theUniversity of Michigan from where he was introduced to New York Yankees.His father is a drug counselor and his mother, an Accountant. Jeter was named after Derek Sanderson, his fathers favorite hockey player. An interesting fact around Jeter is that he has the same birthday as Abner Doub leday who invented Baseball (funtrivia.com). Jeters popularity can be known by the fact that a wax figure of him is situated in the Madame Tussauds Wax Museum. As per the record of 2006, Derek is the second highest paid endorser in baseball earning $7 million in endorsements (forbes). He has appeared in ad campaign for Skippy,Ford, VISA, Nike and others.Derek is often called a ladies man. It is said that he has dated many beautiful ladies including dribble Universe Lara Datta, Scarlett Johansson, Gabrielle Union, Jessica Alba, Tyra Banks and the list goes on (ESPN). He is still living a single life.One of the briny reasons why I admire him most is his caring nature for humanity. He established a bounty constitution Turn 2 Foundation in 1996 which supports programs and activities that motivates young people to avoid usage of drugs and alcohol. This organization is running numerous

Tuesday, April 23, 2019

The Impact of New Media on the Design and Advertisement Industries Term Paper

The Impact of New Media on the Design and Advertisement Industries - Term Paper ExampleNew media is a recent term that has deduce to be used in reference to the digital world more so with reference to computers in training and communication technology. It is a product of the twentieth century that saw its evolutionary roots from analogue technology. It has characterized relations of this era by making globalization a popular topic. Trade between nation and organizations in far geographical locations now takes place by just a touch of a button behind the comfort of ones personal computer via the internet.The incorporation of new media into the society inform of a globalized world tends to bring in threats into the moral social set up as indiscriminate receivership of information on the internet becomes difficult to control exposing people to different unethical practices.A research do by Millward Brown agency in the UK relayed information to prove that new media can give utmost i mpact to observers of its advertisements. Millward is a busy phone marketing organization that took the first study to ascertain the logical implication of mobile phones in the advertisement. Advertisements were sent to mobile phone users in the UK and measure the impacts it had on the people who certain them. The research came up with the findings that the branded advertisements effected 32% awareness of the people approached. It further indicated that 22% of the mobile phone users who received the advertisements were willing to buy the products should they go to the markets. The research measured these opinions from about 600 male consumers between the ages of 16 to 36 over a period of 5 weeks during the air of the advertisements. The study concluded that wiz advertisements strongly increase advertisement awareness and the probability of purchase. (Brown, 2008)

Monday, April 22, 2019

Advertising Pitch for a new shampoo launch for Procter & Gamble in Coursework

Advertising Pitch for a new shampoo launch for Procter & stake in Nigeria. Budgeting for a market broadcast - Coursework Examplelyze the marketing and advertising cipher, and detail the importance of supervise and realize for the success of a marketing plan with close relation to the pitch.The decisions made in the marketing plan budget were aimed at ensuring the expending is in synchrony with the strategy of the Aussie Shampoo launch in terms of sales and marketing activities. The prioritize given in terms of high and low spending for high spending to be made to facets that will result in high market acquisition, change magnitude sales and revenue generation from the Nigerian market including advertising, use of websites importantly social sites and the Procter and Gamble website (Armstrong, 2002). The main social sites used will include facebook, twitter, instragram, and the Procter and Gamble website for advertising information relation to the Nigerian take population. Th e percentage of sales of the spending for marketing expenses is at 5% for July and 7%, this evidences the low percentage affect of spending on the performance of the Shampoo business and if the projection of the sales is accurate it results in augment benefits for the firm. The main ways these projections have been made are based on the constancy trends and performance of the industry and the competitors in the Nigerian market. The budgets are realistic and achievable owing to the demographic characteristics and abilities of the Nigerian market as determined in the PESTLE analysis in the marketing plan.A marketing budget plans a number of benefits in a marketing plan including giving the marketing manager an ability to control the expenses and forecast revenues in the formulation and performance of a marketing plan. The other benefits of a marketing budget are assisting in coordination of marketing activities and aids in keeping the efforts on target as hygienic as acting as a co ntrol measure to ensure modifications ensure the aims of the marketing plan are met. A marketing budget also aids in establishment of performance

Sunday, April 21, 2019

Food- Steroids. Anitbiotics. Sprays. Are food manufacturers killing us Research Paper

Food- Steroids. Anitbiotics. Sprays. Are food manufacturers killing us Annotated Bibliography - Research Paper modelolic disruptor ingredients like hydrogenated oil, sodium nitrite, aspartame, homogenized milk fats, monosodium glutamate, sodium nitrite and the like that can ca work brain damage, cancer, and diabetes. Third, neat foods barely resemble the nature given food that they are due to over processing, overcooking, preserving with chemicals, pasteurizing, homogenizing and even irradiating. patently put they are dead food that the gentlemans gentleman body no longer needs.This article presents ii arguments from the farmers and from the advocates of public health. The farmers insist that they have to feed the animals with antibiotics to keep them healthy and in order to keep cubic yard with the demands of the U.S. consumers for cheap animal meat. Public health advocates on the other hand argue that such make of farmers is giving breed to germs in animals that are resistan t to antibiotic which causes deadly diseases to the consumers. The intervention of the U.S. government in ostracizening the use of antibiotic in animals in the 1970s did not materialize. The FDA has stunnedlined plans to phase out the use antibiotics for non-medical purposes in animals in the coming years has yet to be seen. The author showed why the use of antibiotics in farm animals was approved in the 1950s as well as the research conducted in the 1970s showing the bad effects of antibiotics especially on E. coli bacteria. The strong lobby from farmers and drug makers for the protraction of use of antibiotics such as tetracycline and penicillin after the result of the research was released forced the ruling of the FDA to ban these antibiotics to be ruled out. It will take some time before FDA will take its concluding stand on banning the use of antibiotics on farm animals. More statistics perhaps showing human deaths related to antibiotic-fed animals?In this article, the auth or presents the research on antimicrobial coating for liquid and film containers organism conducted by Tony Jin at the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Jin is

Saturday, April 20, 2019

Ethical Argument Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ethical public debate - Research Paper ExampleFinally, too much interrogatory is flexible the emotional health of students, causation them severe anxiety and interfering with the learning process. With these elements to consider, too much testing is not an effective method of learning and major changes must be implemented soon in order to promote relegate learning and outcomes among students. Testing Anxiety in Schools Introduction Testing is one of the ways by which schools valuate and assess the efficacy of the learning process among students. The process of testing includes short quizzes and long periodic examinations with change states of intensity and duration. These tests naturally wee-wee moments of anxiety among students who often have to go through moments of stress with severally test. The stress also often lasts from the time the tests are announced to the time the results are released. In among these tests, these students also have to endure the constant strain of studying, of doing projects, finishing cookery, and the possibility of unannounced tests. The age and the maturity of students in dealing with these school demands do not seem to be a major allude among some educators. In recent years, concerns about too much testing and too much homework have been pointed out by parents, teachers, and by students themselves. They also point out that too much testing is causing much anxiety among students, often compromising their learning and emotional development. Not everyone shares their concerns however, with other parents and educators debate that testing is an essential part of the learning process and that the number of testing is sufficient for effective learning. found on these contrasting arguments, this written report shall discuss the thesis Too much testing in schools is compromising the students learning and emotional development. This essay will first provide a literature review on the development of this issue. Secondly, it will present the supporting ideas for this argument. Each reason or argument shall be presented in ascending order based on strength. Thirdly, possible arguments and arguments to these supporting arguments will also be discussed and rebutted. Finally, this paper shall end with a conclusion, further reiterating the main arguments of the paper and providing a clear answer and support for the accepted position in this thesis. Literature review A Los Angeles Times (2011) editorial discussed that the federal policy No Child Left Behind has become a very rigid policy because it emphasizes the need to post out standardized tests for English and Math. This article also pointed out how the tests do not focus on the essential learning processes which students can apply in their lives. In effect, these tests do nothing more than cause anxiety to students, and do not contribute significantly to the overall academic development of students (Los Angeles Times, 2011). In a study by Barton (1999 ), the author discussed that there are some negative trends in the American educational testing system. This trend has been on the proliferation of standardized testing, which has increased in number and frequency. Barton (1999) emphasized that increase in standardized testing has made the educational process and system quantitative in approach. However, the schools and the learners are short-changed in terms of the information which students need in order to claim

Friday, April 19, 2019

The Role of Peer Feedback in Improving EFL Writing Skills of Saudi Essay

The Role of Peer Feedback in Improving EFL Writing Skills of Saudi side Major Students - Essay ExampleThe essay explains the role of chum feedback in helping them improve their EFL committal to opus competencies. Following this, a section of the paper presents the concept of peer feedback in detail. Finally, the last section looks at the issue of collaborative erudition, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the process of peer feedback to help better understand this type of approach. Many researchers have found a positive tattle between students writing achievements and the provision of feedback. It is seen that feedback improves writing skills since it gives both students and teachers a picture of students progress and improvement. It is also considered to be a key element of the scaffolding provided by the teacher to build learner confidence and the literacy resources to enter in target communities.This paper makes a conclusion that peer feedback as it was presented in this essay chamberpot be a very beneficial collaborative activity in EFL writing sessions. Unfortunately, this kind of feedback is bracing in many non-Western teaching contexts such as Saudi Arabia where teacher-feedback based classes are still dominant. The pedagogy system in Saudi Arabia is in the traditional style where it is loaded by rules, and is bound by a certain structure. Saudi students are taught writing by structured written exercises and traditional drills. Students writing is most often controlled and guided with model writings provided by teachers rather than allowing them to write freely. However, this situation could be changed with proper awareness of the educational problems and with appropriate writing instructions such as applying cooperative learning and peer feedback to make students better writers.

Thursday, April 18, 2019

Your Privacy on Facebook Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Your Privacy on Facebook - Case count ExampleHe states that eighty five percent of the enjoymentrs agreed to the public use of Facebook. He goes and explains further, that the transfer in the world requirements motivated the change (Rainer, 2008).The sweet changes in Facebook secrecy settings collapse made the use simpler as compared to the old settings. The reduction in the number of settings has made it easy and clear for the use to comprehend. mavin of the important features that Facebook has is that the user controls the privacy settings of the viewers of aces content. The feature allows one to define the contents depending on whether one wants the friends or the business audience to view certain content of information. With the new settings, the user will have to pay attention to the default settings making the one responsible for the posts. Previously, many users used the default settings, which did non require any customization (Rainer, 2008).The new settings intend t o have the users produce additional private information to the public. The new settings tend to allow sharing information to everybody in the network. Despite encouraging people to set the pass on settings according to their wish, the default settings tend to remain operational. Facebook, pushes the users to use the everyone button to allow sharing of information worldwide. With this in place, it would undermine the privacy issues that Facebook began in the beginning. It would no longer have enough privacy for any data shared. In addition, users would find themselves sharing more than they intend to share. The recommended settings availed by Facebook mislead people as the users do not look into the features closely and examine the content (Rainer, 2008).Conveying information should not lead to violating someones privacy. societal sites have in possession private information that they have to protect. Sharing of private information is violating privacy laws. In as much as organis ation that deals with sharing information have the right to

Wednesday, April 17, 2019

Q5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Q5 - Essay Exampleate and likely to be useful in a less developed country such as Chad where access to electrical grids may not be feasible due to geographical problems and in remote locations where establishing electric connections may be expensive.(www.electricityforum.com). It is in like manner expensive to develop such grids and Chad is a poor country where substantial expenses on these developments may not be possible. But sunlight is a commodity available in plenty in this country, and this can be harnessed to generate solar power to operate cell phones and enhance communications.Such relay displace are already in use in the U.K., where grids connect PV systems are integrated into office buildings and connected to the local solar electricity network. They are used in monitoring stations, radio repeater stations, reverberate kiosks and for street lighting. Solar powered relay stations were inst everyed by the Israeli Government in 2005, all along Israeli highway no 2 to prov ide electrical power for cellular phones victimisation the energy harnessed from the sun and assimilated into the microwave relay stations.2. Voice over Internet protocol helps in enabling voice communications through the use of IP networks such as the Internet. It offers the facility of phone services, i.e, the facility of making and receiving calls from regular telephone lines using a computer (Wallingford, 2005). The only requirement is the accessibility of a broadband connection which facilitates good sound transmission quality and in the case of phone services such as Skype, even allows chatting and calling applications in computers with firewalls that normally break such applications. As a result, it brings about a substantial reduction in the cost of making telephone calls. VoIP systems also allow for a converge of voice and data networks.The VoIP facility is useful to a knowledge doer because it enables fast and easy communication lines to be established to and from any part of the world. A knowledge