What Are Some Fishermen For Fishing During Adverse Weather...

Part A Question 1: The article suggests some fishermen choose piracy as an alternative to fishing during adverse weather conditions. The table below lists some of the marginal costs and benefits to fisherman during the adverse weather conditions. As shown above, not all cost can be measured in monetary value. Implicit costs such as opportunity costs are also considered as these are important in order to determine the economic profit. Piracy has far more monetary benefits than fishing during the adverse weather as suggested in the table. Furthermore, the marginal costs of piracy are mostly based to threats/expectations, while the marginal costs of fishing are mostly based on facts. Hence it can be said that piracy has more marginal benefits than fishing during the adverse weather, which causes an increase in piracy. Question 2: part (a) Market failure can be a result of externalities. As mentioned in the notes, the key points to externalities are: As all they applications imply with the externalities’ keys, and externalities cause market failure; the article does suggest that the growth of legalising gambling was a market failure. Question2: part (b) As Massimo Passamonti thinks that reducing gambling opportunities may improve the social well-being, there is in-fact a scope for government intervention to make it happen. The diagram below illustrates how imposing a tax on suppliers may affect the equilibrium: Imposing tax on the suppliers cause their profit toShow MoreRelated Fishing in the North Atlantic Essay example5849 Words   |  24 PagesFishing in the North Atlantic Abstract Ocean fishes have been consumed by humans beyond their maximum sustainable yields for years and the Atlantic cod and squid are two examples. Cods were primarily overfished to commercial extinction. Other variables were also examined to see if they contribute to the declining population. Water temperature was the natural phenomenon that may be responsible for poor egg hatching. Human causes such as increased UV radiation from depleted ozone and bottomRead MoreSience23554 Words   |  95 Pagesglobalissues.org/article/233/climate-change-and-global-warming-introduction and answer the following questions. 1. What is the greenhouse effect? 2. How does it relate to climate change? 3. Draw and label the greenhouse effect. 4. Scroll down to the section â€Å"The Greenhouse Effect is Natural. What do we have to do with it?† What are some ways that humans are thought to be contributing to climate change? 5. Scroll down to the section â€Å"Small AverageRead MoreFilipino Culture4006 Words   |  17 Pagesimmigration, as well as religiosity and spirituality, and because of coexisting and sometimes conflicting values . Details are given outlining the global Filipino diaspora in the 21st-century and highlights its impact on the social and religious conditions of the people. 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And not just this year, but every year. In this Sustainability Review, we look at what that sense of responsibility means in practice. We discuss how the accident and oil spill are shaping how we do business, and the changes we are making to our portfolioRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesmeans, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, b ut not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 WVR/WVR 0 9 8 7 ISBN 978-0-07-340334-2 MHID 0-07-340334-2 Editorial director:Read MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pageslost the copy. So only a photocopy of the original typed version exists. During the 1990s, the manuscript was partly typed without alteration into a Word processor, originally an Apple-based system. This was transferred to an IBM system quite recently, but without any conversion of the character codes. It seems that two different systems of coding diacritics were used and more than two IPA phonetic fonts. Furthermore, for some reason, the typing of the grammar sketch which precedes the manuscript is

Smith vs. Bradford Essay - 641 Words

Smith vs. Bradford Have you ever wondered whose hands our country was in at the start of our time? Captain John Smith was one of the first American heroes. He was the first man to promote a permanent settlement of America. William Bradford was a Puritan who was courageous and determined to set up a colony where citizens could worship freely. Although both of these men were two of America’s heroes, they had more differences than known. Thus, Smith was a very proud and boastful man. Before reaching 25, he battled in many areas, such as the Netherlands and Hungary. He fought at sea off the Atlantic coast, where he was captured as a slave. As a slave, he was rough and beaten. The Indians that captured him brought him to their leader named†¦show more content†¦As a result of the harsh winter, lack of fresh water, and the spread of disease, life in Jamestown was difficult for the settlers. Attacks by the native Indians made life almost impossible. The Indians, hoping that the settlers would give up and leave, raided their camps, stealing pistols, gunpowder, and other necessary supplies. John Smith became leader of the colonists and did his best to fight off the Indians. He also became a writer. He wrote the first English book on America, A True Relation of Virginia, and The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles. Captain John Smith generally wrote for the people and their entertainment. Similarly, William Bradford typified most of the first settlers of New England. He was the son of an English farmer and began to read the Bible daily. As a boy he quickly became a Puritan for study and discussion. This took much courage because Puritans in England were usually thrown in prison. Bradford’s parents were even against this. Because many were against Puritanism, they fled to Holland, including Bradford. Doing badly in Holland, Bradford soon traveled to America. Finally, Bradford reached Plymouth, Massachusetts, in December 1620, aboard a tiny ship named the Mayflower. This ship was falling apart, almost ready to sink. Bradford faced many hardships, such as the trip to America, the death of his wife, and the fierce winters where many of his friends died. William Bradford became the governor ofShow MoreRelatedJohn Smith vs. William Bradford Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Smith vs. William Bradford Laura Ward To many Europeans in the early 17th century the Americas seemed as a new land of opportunity. John Smith and William Bradford were two of the first men who left England seeking adventure and freedom in the New World. Both groups had difficulties while trying to form their colonies and Smith and Bradford were both elected to lead. While they were both great leaders they had very different lives before their journey from England. While starting theirRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Plymouth And Jamestown1185 Words   |  5 PagesPlymouth vs Jamestown Leaders of Plymouth and Jamestown are both compare because they both came from England, Native Americans aided the newly incorporated groups by supplying them for food, and both empires resulted in the starvation and death. However, in Jamestown, John Smith set a goal to make money and get rich, developed the idea of everyone for themselves, men were the dominant gender, and Smith abandoned the colony and never decided to return. As for Plymouth, William Bradford s’ goal wasRead MoreLaw of Torts1123 Words   |  5 Pagesabsolute and qualified. 13. Negligence – Proof of negligence principle in Donoghue Vs Stevenson, requirements standard of care, resipsa loquiture contributory negligence, principles in Devies Vs Mann the last opportunity rules- constructive last opportunity rule. 14. Dangerous chattels – duty to persons permitted or invited to use chattel duty to immediate and ultimate transferee. 23 15. Deceit- rule in Derry Vs Peek, principles of liability, exceptions – liability for negligent mis statementRead MoreLaissez Faire Vs. State Intervention1467 Words   |  6 Pages1800s: Laissez-faire vs. State Intervention What does, exactly, ‘laissez-faire’ mean? According to the Oxford dictionary, this French term means literally ‘allow to do’, however, in nineteenth century Britain, this word was used to define a new policy of non-intervention in free market affairs by governments, in order to allow things to follow their own course without any external help, as suggested from some of the most famous economists of the era, as Adam Smith, his followers Thomas Robert MalthusRead MoreLas 432 - Genetically Modified Foods Essay14589 Words   |  59 Pagesthe Economy by Brenda Brown 22 I. Corporate Power II. The Effects of Farming GM Crops III. GM Foods around the World Psychological Considerations and Sociological Effects by Tony Balch 26 I. Current Impact on Consumers II. Organic vs. GM Foods The Technology in its Cultural Context and Media Influence by Tony Balch 35 I. What is Technology Influence? II. Is There a Consumer Perception? Implications for the Environment by Kelly Baker 37 I. Results of GMO Engineering Read MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 Pagesstoriesï ¼Ë†Ã¨ µ ·Ã¦ º Ã§ ¥Å¾Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° trickster talesï ¼Ë†Ã¦  ¶Ã¤ ½Å"å‰ §Ã¨â‚¬â€¦Ã¤ ¼  Ã¥ ¥â€¡Ã¯ ¼â€° rituals / ceremoniesï ¼Ë†Ã¥â€¦ ¸Ã¤ » ªÃ¯ ¼â€° songs / chantsï ¼Ë†Ã¦â€º ²Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° Anglo Settlers’ Writings Highly religious and pragmatic - John Smith, founder of Jamestown, Virginia; Pocahontas - John Winthrop, â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity†: â€Å"†¦ We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  - William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation (1630-50, pub. 1856) - Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672), The Tenth Muse (1650), the first volume of poems published by a residentRead MoreResearch Hypotheses and Empirical Strategy527 Words   |  2 Pagesthe City†, The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Volume 107, Issue 1. 27. Edlund, Lena Cecilia and Lagerlà ¶f, Nils-Petter (2006) â€Å"Individual vs. Parental Consent in Marriage: Implications for Intra-Household Resource Allocation and Growth†, CEPR Discussion Papers 5474, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. 28. Emran, Shahe M., Maret-Rakotondrazaka, Fenohasina and Smith, Stephen C. (2012) â€Å"Education and Freedom of Choice: Evidence from Arranged Marriages in Vietnam†, Discussion Paper No. 6862, IZA. 29. EysenckRead MoreEarly Entrance Of The National Football League Draft3467 Words   |  14 PagesClark (2014) a reform was called to fix the salaries of top picks and keep immature and young players from getting these large sums of money. The top draft pick of 2013 was Eric Fisher who got a four-year, $22 million deal, a fraction of what Sam Bradford made in 2010 as the top pick. The difference between picks is much less. Fisher, at that time, made only double what the 15th pick in the draft makes, while the first pick in the second round received about a fourth of Fisher’s salary. In shortRead MoreApush American Pageant Chapter 1 -24887 Words   |  20 Pageshalf-brother Sir Walter Raleigh organized an expedition that landed at North Carolinas Roanoke Island, but that colony also mysterioiously vanished. These failures really embarrased the English, especially when Spain was doing so wealthy. 17. Spain vs. England - Using the wealth acquired from colonized lands, Phillip 2 of spain organized and Invincible Armada for an invasion of England but the English fought back and inflicted heavy damage and defeated the Armada, which marked the end of SpanishsRead MoreErp Implementation in Oil Industry8113 Words   |  33 Pages The taskforce had to address some of the strategic options: Big-Bang vs. Phased Approach: One of the questions was to finalize the implementation approach – whether to implement all modules in parallel or use a phased approach where each module would be implemented in a sequential manner. The later approach seemed to take a longer time than bigbang, and therefore the team proposed to adopt a big-bang approach. Third Party vs. In-house Implementation: Where the first question mainly addressed the

Accounting free essay sample

The income sources have specific ledger accounts which they are recorded in. Some of these differ to those of a business. Membership fees and entrance fees are recorded in the Membership Fees and Entrance Fees accounts in the general ledger respectively. These accounts are found in the Nominal Accounts section and are considered income accounts. Unlike a business, the buying and selling of goods is recorded in accounts specifically for those goods (There is no Cost of Sales or Trading Stock account). For instance, items sold for cash at the tuckshop will be recorded in the Sales and the Refreshments accounts. Jerseys bought on credit will be recorded in the Jersey and Creditors’ Control accounts. The Club therefore has a Refreshments account (Tuckshop goods), a Jersey account and a Sock account (both for Club Shop goods). These are Income and Expense accounts. Instead of income being recorded to the credit side of Profit and Loss (as would be done in a business), it is instead recorded to the credit side of Income and Expenditure. Since the recoverability test is needed under IFRSs, Ida needs to figure out the amount of impairment (if any) which should record on the commercial building and report to its parent as of December 31, 2012. An impairment loss is the amount by which the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The carrying amount of Idas building is $4,500,000, and in order to calculate the impairment loss, its recoverable amount is required. 4. A. After the impairment testing, goodwill associated with the Spanish operations impairs under GAAP as of 12/31/2010. The impairment loss is $200,000. Under U. S. GAAP, goodwill impairment test is taken annually, or when there is impairment indicator. B. After the impairment testing, goodwill associated with the Spanish operations impairs under IFRSs as of 12/31/2012. The impairment loss is $400,000. The new carrying value of the assets is $3. 1 million. The new carrying value of the CGU is $1. 8 million. Goodwill acquired in a business combination shall be allocated to each of the acquirer’s cash-generating units, or groups of cash generating units.

What Alice Taught Me free essay sample

When I was seven, and apparently a handful, my grandma handed me an American Girl Doll catalog to keep me busy for a few minutes while she cleaned the kitchen. Full of detailed dolls dressed in complex outfits with hats and socks and necklaces, I knew right away this was the magazine for me. I looked it over page to page, cover to cover. You would have thought I was going to be tested on the different hair colors, little lunch boxes, and doll sweaters. As I turned each page, I imagined the stories of each doll—the fair blonde doll preparing a picnic in the park for her friends, the spunky brunette getting ready for a camping trip, the reserved red head dressing for a peaceful night’s sleep. After begging my mother to get me a subscription—with little begging because catalogs are free—I would flip through those pages of untold stories and just let my imagination run free. We will write a custom essay sample on What Alice Taught Me or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was not long before I was dreaming of holding one of those detailed dolls and writing her story for her; only she cost a full ninety dollars and I only had about three. After picking out the perfect doll to save for, I spent the next half a year scrubbing the bathroom, dusting the picture frames, or doing endless yard work in return for a penny here a quarter there. It was hard work for a little seven year old, but I deemed it worth it. If there were a random job that needed to be done, I was there. I saved and saved and saved until I had finally scrounged up enough for that beautiful doll with an untold story. At seven, I didn’t really know, but saving up all that money hadn’t only earned me a doll, it earned me valuable budgeting skills and an appreciation for hard work. Time raced on and so did Alice—that’s what I named her. She had been to school, taken violin lessons, gotten miserably sick, gone skating, lost a best friend, tried gymnastics and b roken her foot. She had even had a birthday party with her own chocolate birthday cake. No one came really, except a small portion of my beanie baby collection and the stuffed elephant, and Alice hated the stuffed elephant. But that was okay because she was still nice to the stuffed elephant, and I knew how she felt. I was nice to Karen when she came to my birthday party too. I learned a lot from Alice. When she lost her cute little purple purse, she didn’t cry, but I did. It was her favorite purse. She didn’t cry because I decided she wasn’t going to cry. I decided she wasn’t going to cry when her cereal spilled, or when Nancy made fun of the silver ribbon she wore in her hair. Eventually I learned to decide not to cry, and really, that made all the difference in the world. In second grade my teacher had us do writer’s workshop. I didn’t think I had ever had more fun in school than when I got to make up whatever I wanted and put it on paper . I really wasn’t good at it, but I loved it more than anything. That was when I decided I wanted to be a writer. Alice had taught me to love to imagine and create. She taught me to look at the stars and dream and realize anything is possible with writing. I could choose Alice’s future, I could choose my characters’ future, and I could choose my future. So I kept on writing. Spelling errors, fractured plots, and flat characters were really all my writing was good for. Actually, it wasn’t good at all—it was terrible. But that wasn’t really what mattered. Now Alice sits up on my shelf, her flashy headbands and decorative dresses tucked away. But I try not to tuck away any of the lessons she taught me. I have saved more than a year’s college tuition. I learned that hard work does not only pay off in saving money, but also in school work and sports competitions. I know how important it is to value and love others and that I am in control of my happiness. And finally, to always chase my dreams. Alice’s story has already been written, but mine is only beginning.

3 Types of Scare Quotes

3 Types of Scare Quotes 3 Types of Scare Quotes 3 Types of Scare Quotes By Mark Nichol Framing a word or phrase in scare quotes, or quotation marks used for emphasis, can be an effective tool for signaling editorial distance- that is, subtly and succinctly clarifying that the word or phrase is not of the writer’s choosing or that it is euphemistic or otherwise specious or spurious. However, too often, scare quotes are gratuitous or redundant, as shown in the examples below: 1. They must look to the senior management to help them acquire this â€Å"big picture† view. This sentence features gratuitous use of scare quotes- gratuitous, because the writer seems to mistakenly assume that any idiom, no matter how quotidian, must be enclosed in quotation marks to signal that the meaning is not literal. The marks are unnecessary with most established idiom: â€Å"They must look to the senior management to help them acquire this big-picture view.† 2. The guidelines set forth the separate responsibilities for management and so-called â€Å"front-line† units. Here, the scare quotes are redundant. The quotation marks serve to inform the reader that the writer did not generate a word or phrase; rather, he or she is merely reporting a usage that someone else employed. But so-called signals this fact to the reader, so it is superfluous to use scare quotes as well. When such redundancy occurs, the writer (or editor) should opt to delete the scare quotes and retain so-called: â€Å"The guidelines set forth the separate responsibilities for management and so-called front-line units.† 3. That same budget funded quote-unquote â€Å"crisis pregnancy centers.† Using the phrase quote-unquote in speech is understandable, because scare quotes are not visible in speech- another approach is to use air quotes, hand gestures that suggest quotation marks- but in writing, doing so is an intrusive alternative to so-called: â€Å"That same budget funded so-called crisis pregnancy centers.† (In this case, however, because the writer is criticizing the use of the euphemistic phrase â€Å"crisis pregnancy centers† for a type of facility associated with deceptive advertising and misleading information, use of scare quotes in lieu of so-called is also appropriate.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph Examples50 Idioms About Roads and PathsMankind vs. Humankind

Change Your Life Forever by Spending 1 Hour a Day Doing These 5 Things

Change Your Life Forever by Spending 1 Hour a Day Doing These 5 Things Most people  only spend 8 hours per day at work. If you work 5  days a week, that’s 40 hours. Even if your job is super intense and you’re working 60-80 hour weeks, you still have hours and hours of time to yourself. Okay, you have to spend a lot of that sleeping- that’s important. But in the hours of leisure time left to you, there are things you could be doing to vastly improve your future. Rather than just blowing all those hours on happy hours and Netflix, why not try spending an hour a day doing these 5 things and see what happens? 1. Make your evenings matterDon’t just rely on your working hours to gain skills and knowledge and make your career magic happen. Try doing a little bit each day off the clock that will help you advance in your career, not just get your daily job tasks done. Take online classes, develop new skills, practice and master old ones. Keep pushing yourself to learn more and do more and you’ll be amazed at how much faste r you advance at work.2. Read moreIt almost doesn’t matter what you’re reading. Keeping the habit, taking in knowledge, considering other points of view- all of this makes you more interesting and interested in the world around you. One hour spent learning about a new topic makes you that much closer to being respected by your boss and peers as â€Å"in the know.† Plus, the benefits to your general knowledge and vocabulary will be palpable.3. Side projectsIf your company won’t give you the opportunity to take your new skills and interests for a test spin, try volunteering. Find a way to have practical expression of what you’re learning so it can really start to translate into workable results. If nothing else, these side hobbies and projects will help keep you feeling fulfilled.4. Build your networkEven if you just spend 10 minutes a day maintaining your contacts, reach out, participate in conversations on social media or LinkedIn, and pursue new o nes. You’ll start to see a major difference and that work will really pay off when you need to rely on your network to change jobs or take your career to the next level.5. Start nowDon’t start this next week- or after the holidays. Start tonight. Don’t put off what can become such an ingrained habit that you hardly realize it is a chore you’ve set yourself.If you can get to the point where you are doing these 5 things naturally? You’ll be well on your way to actualizing your success.

Philosophy - Boethius and Aquinas on the Problem of God's Prescience Essay

Philosophy - Boethius and Aquinas on the Problem of God's Prescience - Essay Example This only serves to pronounces the clash with freewill. The Problem of God’s Prescience The conflict hence forms the basic premise of the Problem. God as the master of all things tangible and intangible is assumed to know incomprehensible details about human life and the course it will take. As such, His knowledge about a particular event precedes the event itself, thereby exemplifying his unique ability of knowing the future. This belief in God’s ubiquitousness forms one of the core foundations of his Divinity across the board of religions, whether the one in question is Christianity, Judaism or Islam. The Bible, Torah, and the Quran all repeatedly assert His pervasiveness carefully contrasting it with His limitless power. The masses of religions preach the notion that God is to be found everywhere at all times and no thought or eventuality escapes His gaze. Superficially, this ideology is readily admissible but when theologians venture to expound their gifts of insigh t onto the subject, striving to explain the Divine Knowledge, the one immediate problem they tend to notice is the apparent conflict with freewill. This is because the concept of freewill indicates that every human is capable of altering the course of his life as he deems fit by exercising discretionary powers of judgment. If God is to possess all knowledge of all time, this discretion may not in actuality exist, since God would already know the direction a particular individual would be expected to take. If the individual’s future is already preconceived in God’s eternal knowledge, the individual’s course of action could simply be labeled predetermined, even though he in his own right may be employing the gift of freewill. This notion forms what has come to be known as the Problem of God’s Prescience. Boethius’s ideologies Boethius in his Consolation of Philosophy sought to answer the very questions that formed the crux of the Problem. Firstly, it must be elucidated that incidents are historically conceived by philosophers to be of two kinds, necessary and contingent. God’s omniscience pertains to all knowledge that exists in the world, including the murkiest of thoughts that originate in a person’s mind. Hence, any thought, if formulated by a conscious course of judgment in a person’s mind, should be deemed contingent. It is contingent because it is not necessary for a person to think a certain thought, as his freewill allows him to develop a unique mindset, but if God already knows what his mindset would be, that contingent thought could become a necessary course of action for the person to take, as not taking that course of action would render God’s knowledge flawed. If it is assumed that God already knows the thought that is about to transpire, its contingency is made redundant. This, in essence, negates freewill and converts seemingly contingent occurrences into necessary occurrences since Go d already knows of their presence. As such, Boethius’ twin-prong ideologies regarding the problem emerge. His first limb identifies that God’s omniscience and perfection go hand in hand and can never be rebutted,

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - Essay Example Just because a person carries out ritualistic actions or worries once in a while does not necessarily mean that he/she suffers from OCD. It is important to remember that a behavior is considered a disorder only when it starts to interfere with one's daily life - consuming every aspect of it and impairing a person's ability to perform regular functions (e.g., working, establishing good interpersonal relationships). A mother who double checks her child's safety belt more than once before starting her car does not automatically suffer from OCD just because a behavior was repeated. In contrast, an OCD patient may spend between hours to even an entire day worrying about something and/or thinking of ways to prevent bad things from occurring. Although OCD patients are aware that their lives are being disrupted, they have difficulty controlling these disruptive thoughts and behaviors ("Obsessive Compulsive Disorder", 2005). They know that these thoughts and actions are not normal but they cannot stop them. This is what differentiates these types of repetitive thoughts and actions from regular rituals that people perform to ensure order, cleanliness, and safety (e.g., checking for locked doors, arranging files alphabetically for easier access). There is a desire from the person to rid himself of these thoughts and behaviors, but this desire is overruled by his obsessions and compulsions. According t According to the American Psychiatric Association's Fact Sheet on OCD (2005), some symptoms may include but are not limited to the following: cleaning, such as repetitive bathing or inability to hold door knobs; arranging and organizing, wanting everything in a particular order all the time; mental compulsions, such as silently saying phrases or prayers to self; hoarding and collecting various items such as magazines and newspapers, forming piles; and repeated checking, possibly retracing driving routes. Foa and Steketee (as cited in Hilgard, 1953) discovered that the most common compulsions among the list are washing and checking. Almost always, these actions are carried out because of doubt. OCD patients always think that something bad will happen and do not to rely on their senses alone. At the back of their minds, they believe that there are always things that they cannot see (or foresee). For example, a person with OCD may always believe that germs are always there despite repeated washing, or he may think that he forgot to switch an appliance off even after checking the switch numerous times. Rachman & Hodgson as well as Stern & Cobb concluded that these patients are concerned mostly about: completing tasks, preventing harm (self and others), and contracting illness from germs (Hilgard, 1953). In the film "As Good As It Gets," Jack Nicholson's character is a good example of a patient suffering from Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. He repetitively washes his hands, each time with a different bar of soap. It takes a long time for him to finally cease this hand-washing session. His cabinets were filled with an unending supply of soaps to accommodate this compulsion. Although seemingly extreme, many OCD patients exhibit behaviors that are beyond normal (perhaps even more pronounced than in this example), which shows that the disorder may really become an impediment to normal functioning, especially when the rituals take over most of their time and effort, robbing them of time to do

Oppurtunities for Waste Minimization and Their Implementation Essay

Oppurtunities for Waste Minimization and Their Implementation - Essay Example Therefore, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has instituted its hierarchy of waste minimization ways, which include reduction, recycling, and treatment. Most organizations such as hospitals and schools aim at preserving the balance between the environment, and protecting people’s health. Also, in most organizations people must comply with environmental, safety, and health laws and regulations issued by the local, state and federal agencies. Thus, this paper will identify opportunities for waste minimization and implementation within an organization. This will include explanation and application of waste minimization methods in the National Fuel Gas Company, and structure and reasoning of the case for and against the implementation. National Fuel Gas Company is a holding company that was incorporated in 1902. It operates in four segments of business, which include utility segment, pipeline and storage, exploration and production, and energy marketing segme nt. The company operates its own natural gas treating and processing, as well as gathering pipeline facilities. Each of the four segments has its own function under different management. The utility segment operations are conducted by the national fuel gas distribution corporation, which sells and provides transportation of natural gas services. The pipeline and storage segment operations are done by the national fuel gas supply corporation, which provides transportation and storage natural gas. Moreover, the exploration and production segment is conducted by Seneca Resources Corporation, which focuses on the development of purchase of natural gas and oil reserves, while the energy marketing segment operations are done by the national fuel resources that markets natural gas. Waste minimization methods Waste minimization is considered the most effective and beneficial operating procedure. For instance, in a natural gas treating and processing plant, there are many economical and tech nical, waste minimization methods that can be used. For this reason, many oil and gas operators have discovered several waste minimization opportunities and implemented them. Thus, they are enjoying the benefits such as increased revenue, reduced operating and waste management costs, reduced regulatory compliance concerns, improved company image and public relations and reduced potential liability concerns. According to Cheremisinoff (1995), there are three key methods of waste minimization, which include source reduction also known as pollution prevention, recycling, and treatment. Source reduction is the most sought-after method of waste minimization, which reduces or eliminates the generation contaminants at the source, or release of chemical waste from the source. It involves the reduction of the impact of chemical wastes on the environment to the greatest extent. The recycling method is also a desirable approach in waste minimization in which the waste material that is used for a certain purpose is treated and reused in the same or another process. Source reduction and recycling, form the waste minimization. Treatment is the last waste minimization method. It can be conducted in laboratories through elementary neutralization, or through other processes such as chemical,

Constructivist Theory of Development

Constructivist Theory of Development To believe a child is an empty vessel would mean believing that children are unable to think or respond to the world around them. The term empty vessel suggests that babies minds contain nothing and that helping them to develop means simply filling the space with facts. Theorists and scientists have spent many years researching and developing ideas that suggest that even an unborn child is capable of developing sensitivity towards its environment and therefore that human development begins long before the outside world has impressed its influence on a child (Muir Slater 2000, pg.68). However, this essay will explore the theories of how children learn and develop from birth, with emphasis placed on the constructivist learning theory in relation to the development of children from infancy and towards adulthood. Mukherji Odea, (2000, pg.80) describe how soon after birth babies begin trying to make sense of the world around them. They are able to identify sounds, in particular voices, and then subsequently begin to interpret images and the responses of adults. Their ability to read facial expressions develops (Louw, 2002, pg.208) and they use this knowledge to modify their behaviour. This development begins the pattern of constructivist learning that theorists have researched and discussed for many years. The constructivist learning theory essentially means being actively involved in acquiring new knowledge and skills, interacting with ones social and cultural environment and building on or adapting existing knowledge and experiences (Boghossian, 2006). The theory was documented by Piaget who studied his own children in order to increase his understanding of the developmental phases that children move through when learning. Piaget (cited in Slavin, 1994, pg.31) identified four specific age-related stages in a childs development and described how children foster new ideas by using patterns of behaviour or schemes and relating these schemes to the environment around them. Some psychologists questioned Piagets theories regarding the four stages and discovered the language used by Piaget during his studies to be too complex to provide an accurate representation of a childs abilities at any given time (Slavin, 1994, pg.44). One theorist who challenged Piagets theories was Lev Vygotsky, (Oa kley, 2004, pg.42) who suggested that rather than waiting for children to master one level of development before moving onto the next, learning takes place when children are challenged and presented with problems just beyond their current level of understanding. Vygotsky also placed far more emphasis on the role of adults (Gopnik, et al. 2001, pg.18), an idea further developed by Bruner, who proposed that adults were tools that can assist learning by scaffolding the development of language (Bruner, 1983, pp 64-66). Along with many others, by combining elements from all three theorists views of child development, the outcome is the constructivist theory of learning, a theory where prior knowledge is the basis and language, challenge and social interaction, the tools. Sharp, et al. (2009, pg. 51) place much emphasis on prior knowledge being the fundamental basis in the teaching of science. Learning and understanding in science is no longer considered the rote learning of facts and technical vocabulary, but instead means embracing inquisitiveness and the development of enquiry skills that aid the learner in making sense of the world around them (Loxley, et al. 2010, pg. 45). Scientific knowledge and understanding stems from intrinsic curiosity (Sharp, et al. 2009, pg.2). The infant, who continuously touches the objects surrounding him, is investigating the textures of materials and developing his own responses to them. When he then repeatedly returns to the soft toy he demonstrates that his enquiry has formulated knowledge of texture and subsequent actions are based on his initial investigations. The parent who then moves the toy further from the infant and smiles when he finally reaches and nuzzles his prize has provided challenge and social interaction as a means of developing the infants skills further. Rather than an empty vessel that the parent has begun to fill, the infant has demonstrated that he is a constructivist learner who is interacting with his environment and building on his experience. This example demonstrates that both the constructivist learning theory and the development of scientific enquiry apply to even the youngest children and so should be nurtured and developed when teaching science to primary and secondary pupils. Scientific enquiry allows existing ideas to be challenged and knowledge and understanding to be achieved (Loxley, et al. 2010). However, the constructivist theory in the classroom cannot be implemented unless prior knowledge is ascertained. Although the national curriculum (DfEE, 1999) details the legal requirements for the teaching of science, attainment targets are divided into key stages allowing for differentiation based on childrens level of understanding at any particular point in time. Teachers need to identify pupils current levels before they can begin to plan for future learning (OfSTED, cited in Kyriacou, 2007) and work towards these attainment targets. The elicitation of prior knowledge can be achieved in many ways. With language playing such an important role in the development of knowledge (Bruner, op.cit), discussion and careful questioning can be effective ways of allowing children to clarify their own ideas while giving the teacher an opportunity to identify misconceptions in their understanding (Littledyke, 1998, pg.22). Stimulus for the discussion can range from a big question as described by Longuski (2006), the presentation of a Concept cartoon [Appendix A] or through debating a PMI statement [Appendix B]. Card sorting activities allow children to share their ideas and recording responses by using KWL grids [Appendix C] or by asking pupils to draw diagrams or pictures provides concrete evidence of current levels of understanding. Loxley, et al. (2010, pg. 10) explain that children will engage in learning when it is presented in contexts which are familiar. I investigated this theory during a recent science lesson [Appendix D], where I used a story to present a scientific concept. The strategy proved to be particularly effective in eliciting pupils ideas and misconceptions and captured the interest of all children involved. Pupils connected with the lesson due to the presentation of a stimulus in the form of visual and auditory media (Naylor Keogh, 2007). The lesson was filled with discussion with all abilities participating in sharing ideas. The adults role in the lesson was to encourage discussion, clarify responses, assist lower ability pupils in recording their ideas and to offer questions that would promote critical thinking. Childrens responses showed that they were using their personal experiences to form ideas about the scientific problems presented by the cartoon [Appendix E]. Curiosity surrounding o ther aspects of light exploration was stimulated by the lesson, with several children asking questions that they would like to investigate in the future [Appendix F]. The main purpose of this lesson was, however, not only to ascertain prior knowledge but to identify misconceptions that would inform the class teachers planning of the class next unit of work. Misconceptions can originate from a variety of sources. Children can sometimes form incorrect ideas based on their own experiences or interpretation of language, as demonstrated by the common misconception about the term plant food. In response to a natural desire to form relationships with known ideas (Allen, 2010, pg.3), children can also draw inaccurate conclusions to newly encountered concepts (McGraw-Hill, 2011), an example of which is a child who, having observed the sun appearing to move across the horizon, concludes that the sun must actually move around the Earth. Occasionally educational staff can, due to their own misconceptions or lack of subject knowledge, provide information that is not accurate which highlights the need, as outlined by Professional Standard 22, (TDA. 2008) for teachers to be secure in their understanding of the scientific concepts taught to pupils (TDA. 2008, Standard 14) and, through reflection and evaluation, to identify when they need to further the ir own scientific understanding (TDA. 2008, Professional Standard 7a). The transcript of the discussion, [Appendix G] coupled with childrens written recordings of their ideas [Appendix H, I J] highlights the common misconceptions [Appendix K] that the group held about their understanding of the Earth, sun and moon unit of work, studied previously, and their impending studies of light. Misconceptions regarding concepts already taught, in this instance the Earth, sun and moon misunderstandings, provide an example of assessment of learning, or summative assessment, and can be used to judge a childs learning and level of scientific understanding. The misconceptions surrounding the theory of light act as formative assessment as they can be used when considering implications for future progress and to inform planning for the new topic to be covered, as described by Littledyke (1998, pg.21). They also enable the teacher to consider ways of challenging pupils misunderstandings without simply giving them the correct responses, as this could damage their self esteem or lead to them refusing to accept alternative explanations (The National Strategies, 2009). Instead, Miller, et al. (cited in Ansberry Morgan, 2007) explain that children should be provided with opportunities to investigate their own theories, for example through practical investigations or even the use of picture books (Ansberry and Morgan, ibid), while considering those of others. This will enable them to use the experiences on which the misunderstandings were based (assimilation) and then to adapt their original ideas in response to their investigations (accommodat ion) (Allen, 2010, pg.12). Any strategy adopted must address errors in a childs understanding, as failure to do so could prevent further progress (The National Strategies, ibid:3). Formative assessment (TDA. 2008, Standard 12) isnt, however, a tool to be used exclusively to elicit pre-conceptions about a topic to be covered. Yeomans and Arnold (2006) describe it is an essential part of planning and preparation that should be carried out continuously to enable teachers to evaluate the impact of their teaching (TDA. 2008, Standard 29), modify their approaches and assess how well children are progressing. It enables teachers to compare childrens levels of understanding with age appropriate objectives and those listed in the National Curriculum for Science. Analysis of an elicitation activity will also enable the teacher to plan differentiated activities to address individual pupils strengths or areas of weakness. Together with consideration for differences in learning styles and factors that may be affecting learning, this analysis will ensure that the needs of individuals are met and that all children achieve their potential (TDA. 2008, Standard 10). However, this type of personalisation of learning is not straightforward and requires commitment to an ethos, where every learner matters and every learners learning needs should, if possible, be accommodated (Keeley-Browne, 2007, pg.133). Although there are links, there are also differences between differentiated and personalised learning. Differentiation is a more traditional approach to teaching with pupils often grouped by ability and with tasks that match that ability (Kendall-Seater, 2005, pg.24). Personalised learning is a progressive approach where the childs experiences are the focus and results are judged by outcome or by the extent of resources supplied (Kendall-Seater, ibid). Both approaches benefit from consideration for childrens previous knowledge and experiences, on which they can build new ideas. Despite agreeing with this principle, experts have identified difficulties that could occur by implementing the constructivist teaching and learning theories. Keogh Naylor (1996) have questioned the plausibility of considering the prior knowledge of every pupil, and Skidmore Gallagher (2005) acknowledged the difficulties that a change in approach might present to teachers. In her research report, Chin (2006) discusses difficulties between balancing the responsibility of teachers as providers of accurate scientific facts with them being facilitators of child-initiated learning. Considering each of these experts reservations means viewing constructivist teaching and learning in science as a challenging process where the acquisition of scientific knowledge is the main goal that can be achieved through the amalgamation of an understanding of childrens developmental processes and the commitment from teachers to providing opportunities for personal enquiry with sound subject knowledge. In summary, teachers need to first recognize that children are not empty vessels but that they have a valuable wealth of scientific knowledge and experience on which to construct and adapt new ideas. Teachers should embrace and nurture curiosity, promote critical thinking and provide creative learning environments that facilitate purposeful exploration and social interaction. Careful consideration has to be given towards the National Curriculum for Science objectives; however, as is often the case with preparation for statutory testing (POST, 2003), it should not be seen as a constraint that restricts creativity or that initiates a return to the meaningless rote learning strategies (Stones, 1984, pg.64) of the past. Assessment opportunities should be explored, and the results used effectively to inform and enable an inclusive, personalised curriculum that allows children to become active participants with ownership of their own learning.

Group Presentation Essay

1. Watch two of Pal’s commercials. What do they emphasize? After watching two of the commercials for Pal’s you see that they emphasize a lot on how fast their product is made and how popular their food products are too many people including old to young. Pal’s product line consists of a focused group of food, hamburgers, ham and chicken sandwiches, hot dogs, French fries, and breakfast biscuits and beverages, soft drinks, tea, coffee, milk shakes with a unique flavor profile designed to meet their customers’ taste requirements. Pal’s has developed the ability to effectively integrate manufacturing, service, and retail into its operational systems. They have also learned to apply world-class management principles and best-in-class processes that cause other companies emulate to our systems. 2. What type of waiting line model is found at Pal’s drive-thru restaurants? Pal’s drive-thru facilities have been designed to be efficient and effective. The equipment, facilities, and technologies that Pal’s uses to meet customer needs are components that serve our manufacturing, service and retail needs through ongoing use of our Benchmarking, Innovation and Product/Service/ Process Introduction processes. Their process layout is designed so that raw materials enter through a delivery door and are worked forward through the store with one process serving the next process in the processing/assembly/packaging line until a finished product is handed to an external customer. The major technologies involved are order taking, cooking, holding, filtering, order delivery, and packaging. They have developed proprietary state-of-the-art technology to achieve product and service quality and to provide efficient product flow. 3. What waiting time do you think is acceptable at a drive-thru restaurant? What order accuracy? I would think that anytime from 5-7 minutes would be acceptable wait time for a drive-thru restaurant. I did some research and it said that in 2011 Wendy’s is fastest once again with an average time of 145.5 seconds, while Taco Bell is second at 146.7 seconds and McDonald’s has the longest time at 184.2 seconds. Though the benchmark brands have not increased their speed over past years, all the operators who commented for  the study say they are working to improve the efficiency of their drive thus so that the speed can improve. Order accuracy should be almost always correct. By getting customer orders correct it will make them have a good experience with your company and they will be happy with your business, making them want to come back. 4. From the Baldrige award data, what is the average order speed at Pal’s and at its best competitor? What other things does Pal’s measure? In customer satisfaction, including food quality, service, and order accuracy, Pal’s is outperforming its primary competitor. For example, customer scores for quality in 2001 averaged 95.8 percent, as compared with 84.1 percent for its best competitor. Pal’s order handout speed has improved more than 30 percent since 1995, decreasing from 31 seconds to 20 seconds, almost four times faster than its top competitor. Errors in orders are rare, averaging less than one for every 2,000 transactions. The company aims to reduce its error rate to one in every 5,000 transactions. In addition, Pal’s has consistently received the highest health inspection scores in its market and in the entire state of Tennessee. Pal’s aims to provide the â€Å"quickest, friendliest, most accurate service available. 5. What influence do you think Pal’s name has on customer expectations of service? I believe that the name of a company has a lot of influence on how customers think about them. If you are known for your fast service and good food your name will be popular and be advertised a lot which will help your business grow. If you have a good name you want to keep it and make sure to keep customers satisfied and happy with your service. 6. What factors associated with order completion time are beyond Pal’s control? Pal’s is exhaustive in its pursuit of useful data, the basis for sound planning and decision-making. Owner/operators also maintain a communications log. They record what they have learned about sales, expenses, customers, staff, products, services, equipment, and suppliers, and they list ideas for improvement. Weekly logs are sent to senior Pal’s executives, who comb the entries for issues and opportunities to be addressed at formal monthly management reviews of organizational and  business results. Data are gathered systematically at all levels–process, shift, individual store, and entire business. The company’s enterprise resource planning system, SysDine, is a key tool, generating store-level and company-wide data on sales, customer count, product mix, ideal food and material cost, and turnover rates. This information supports daily operational decisions. It also is used to update Pal’s Balanced Scorecard of Core Performance Measures, which links directly to its key business drivers: quality, service, cleanliness, value, people, and speed. Managers regularly review the value of the data collected, and the company employs an outside statistician to evaluate the type of information tracked, how it is used, and how it is collected. 7. How does Pal’s â€Å"drive-thru only concept† affect speed of service? The quick-service restaurant business, the facilities and equipment must be capable, reliable, and sanitary. The drive-thru facility at Pal’s has been designed to be efficient and effective. The equipment, facilities, and technologies that Pal’s uses to meet customer needs are components that have been determined to serve the manufacturing, service, and retail needs by our staff through ongoing use of our benchmarking, innovation, and product/service/process introduction processes. Pal’s has created an environment that promotes continual improvement. Pal’s leadership supports this environment by being a role model for its systematic evaluation and improvement processes. Because of the management-led and organization-wide focus on continual improvement, major results are improving. 8. What are Pal’s core values? How does employee training differ at Pal’s? The company’s Business Excellence Process is the key-integrating element, a management approach to ensuring that customer requirements are met in every transaction, today and in the future. Carried out under the leadership of Pal’s two top executives and its 17 store owner/operators, the Business Excellence Process spans all facets of the operation–from strategic planning to on-line quality control. Every component process, including those for continual improvement and product introduction, is interactively linked, producing data that directly or indirectly inform the others. Developed with the aid of benchmarking studies, the company’s training  processes support improvement in operational and business performance. Owner/operators and assistant managers have primary responsibility for staff training. They use a four-step model: show, do it, evaluate, and perform aga in. Employees must demonstrate 100 percent competence before they are certified to work at a specific workstation. Initial training for all employees includes intensive instruction on effective listening skills. In addition, in-store training on processes, health and safety, and organizational culture is required for new staff at all facilities via computer-based training, flash cards, and one-on-one coaching. Cross training is required of all store-level staff to ensure their complete understanding of all production and service procedures as well as quality standards. Recognizing that most of their front-line workers are first-time entrants into the labor force, Pal’s management believes it has responsibility to help its workers develop knowledge and skills that can be applied in future jobs. This approach, along with competitive wages and financial incentives, has made the restaurant chain a desirable place to work for high school and college students. Pal’s has leveraged its reputation by implementing a statistically controlled, talent-based hiring system that helps managers iden tify applicants with attributes associated with effective job performance and customer satisfaction. 9. How does Pal’s use technology? Pal’s Leadership Team members partner with three information technology firms to maintain awareness of currently available and emerging technologies and methods for making information and data more reliable, accurate, available, and usable. Input from these partners is considered during strategic planning where their data capabilities and requirements are aligned with their business objectives and action plans. At Pal’s, they ensure that hardware and software are reliable and user friendly by using established standards and specifications in the selection of each of the computers and point-of-sale terminals they use in all operations. Their standards and specifications include strict criteria to review reliability and user friendliness. They also test new systems in advance before installing them in all of their stores. During use, they measure and review mean time  between failures on their systems components, and we routinely assess whether they have sufficient redundant backup. To help assure the reliability of the software, they also have strict controls over who can make changes in the programs. Changes are tested and verified prior to being used on a production basis. They review the way their systems perform within operations with the people who actually use the equipment and programs. They also keep abreast of technology changes through their partners, trade shows, and publications. During strategic planning they use this input to analyze how their systems are meeting all current user requirements. They also assess what is needed to support our strategic objectives and action plans.

Billy Elliot Essay

Explain why the idea was memorable in the text(s) as a whole, supporting your points with examples of visual and/or oral language features. ‘Billy Elliot’ is a film directed by Stephen Daldry that tells of a twelve year old boy called Billy. Raised in a working class family, Billy had always possessed a love for dancing. However, set during 1984 in the small mining town of Everington, his dream of becoming a ballet dancer proves to be difficult. His father, Jacky and brother, Tony are also involved in the miners’ strike, which puts the family in financial difficulties. The main idea of this film is to pursue your dream and not to give up when there are obstacles in the way. Daldry uses Billy’s story to portray this as a memorable idea for the audience. At the beginning of the movie, Billy attends boxing classes at the local gymnasium. However, we see that Billy isn’t truly interested in boxing. One day when Billy stays behind at the gym, he becomes intrigued by the ballet classes held by Mrs Wilkinson. Rather than attending boxing classes, Billy begins to attend the ballet classes instead. As he spends more time learning ballet, Billy’s determination is also revealed. An example of this is the cross-cutting technique used to show Billy practising his pirouette. The cross cutting involves several different scenes of Billy practising to get his pirouette right. Some scenes are of him in his small bathroom and some are of him losing his patience. This shows Billy’s perseverance and determination as a dancer, a dancer that will keep practising despite not having enough space at home. Other than his determination, his passion for ballet dancing is also further revealed as Billy tries to extend himself as a ballet dancer. Daldry uses this montage to show the audience that you can get better at something with practise, even without the proper tools or environment that you are in. This was also memorable because the audience can be inspired by Billy’s determination to practise at what you love. In the film, Billy’s major obstacle is the opinion of the small mining community he lives in. Many of the people in his town believe that ballet is a feminine dance and if a male were to do ballet then he must be a ‘poof’ (homosexual). His own father and brother also feel this way about him doing ballet. An example of the public’s opinion was right after Billy successfully completed a pirouette. Mr Braithwaite, pianist at his ballet class, tells Billy quietly, ‘You look like a right wanker if you ask me, son’. In this dialogue, Mr Braithwaite represents the public’s opinion on a male ballet dancer. Another example is Jacky’s opinion on him doing ballet, ‘Lads do boxin’ or wrestlin’ or football†¦ not figgin’ ballet! This reveals Billy’s major barrier to his dream because he needs to overcome the community’s opinion and most importantly his father’s opinion until he can become a ballet dancer. Billy eventually overcomes this; however, this obstacle did help make the main idea memorable. Facing public opinions is something the audience can often relate to, and Billy’s story allows the audience to feel sympathetic towards him. Despite obstacles in his way; financial difficulties and public opinion, Billy eventually gets admitted into the Royal Ballet School. The ending is set fifteen years in advance where the audience sees Jacky and Tony travelling to London to attend a ballet concert of Swan Lake. As we see the older Billy limbering up, suspense builds as the audience are only shown the backs and limbs of older Billy. When Billy runs on to the stage performing a grand jete a freeze frame is used to capture the perfected finesse. The freeze frame effectively revealed to the audience Billy’s physique, skill and confidence the he has achieved over the past fifteen years. Daldry uses this as the ending to show the audience that reward can be sown after determination and training. The freeze frame itself was a memorable conclusion to the film and Billy’s story, however it also serves as a memorable reminder to the audience that success can be earned with hard work and perseverance. Therefore, to conclude, Daldry has used techniques such as cross cutting, dialogue and freeze frame to help convey a memorable idea. The main idea of following your dream and overcoming obstacles.

Courseapos;Preparationapos;Assignmentapos; Example

Courseapos;Preparationapos;Assignmentapos; Example CoursePreparationAssignment – Coursework Example The Sharing Economy and the Labor Market Shared economy is a socio-economy in which companies and organizations share human and physical resources in production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. Working for Uber is fun because one would not go to look for customers. The customers referred to these drivers from the head office. This saves time and fuel spent in going from place to place looking for passengers to carry. These jobs are more appealing than standard jobs because they enable one to optimally monetized assets (cabs) that would otherwise remain underutilized. For example, a normal cab owner would sit and wait for customers to come or call him, however, for a cab driver who is in a shared economy they will always get customers since it is the work of the head office to ensure that they allocate customers to cab drivers.Drivers in shared economy should not be subjected to regulations like other cab drivers. This is because these drivers do not operate the ca bs as independent business owners rather the y work under the umbrella of companies, in this case Uber. It is Uber that should be subjected to local regulations (Gold, 5). Regulations are meant to ensure fairness in this business venture and eliminate biasness. Take for instance the regulation that prevents customers from specifying their destination to cab drivers with an endeavor to avoid discriminations. Companies like Uber and Lyft will be favored over Sidecar if regulations are not there since Sidecar asks for customer’s destination. The new work shift does not shift power to the labor market this is because the company, Uber, exerts control on the operations such as prices and work hours of the drivers. In the shared economy, some workers can benefit more than others. This may occur due to distance. If one worker has to drive a customer to distant places than others, they will end up making fewer trips per day as compared to other driver who are making short distance dr ives. Finally, the ability of workers to benefit more than others, depend on ones seriousness and activeness. If one is more active than the other drivers, he will benefit more.Gold, Lona. The sharing economy: solidarity networks in transforming globalization. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2004.

Women in Gangs

Women in Gangs Youth gangs have spurred a sharp increase in social problems. The development of female gangs dates back to the 1980s. Family pressure, peer influence, ethnic, and economic decline are some of the forces, which lead to the establishment of the female gangs. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Gangs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Categorically, female gangs fall into three distinct groups depending on the method and motive for establishment. According to criminologists, the gang can be independent, auxiliary, or hybrid. Socially, the gang drives fear in the community due to its involvement in criminal and delinquency activities. The following text expounds on the external/internal forces, which aggravate the establishment of the female gangs and the long-term consequences to the society. Contemporaneous female gang research cites immediate environment as the main aspect contributing to the formation of the ga ngs. Poor family background, early child abuse, sympathy, and self-affirmation are some of the motives behind the establishment of the negative social groups. In addition, social stratification also contributes to the formation of the gangs. Some communities sideline families believed to cause social problems like robbery, homicide, and abuse of drugs but eventually the isolation push the young stars to form or join gangs. Sociologists also point at economic hardships and loss of jobs as an aspect that drive young women to engage in criminal activities like robbery for survival. Moreover, illicit trading activities for instance, involving drugs lead to the formation of female gang groups who solely engage in the business. Criminologists categorize the female gang into three groups (Moore and Hagedorn 8). The first group is the independent/autonomous female gang, which engages in criminal activities, hold traditional/initiation rites, practice violence especially to other female ga ngs, form their own leadership strategies and may or not involve men in their activities. Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the group may establish some membership and hybrid rules. The auxiliary female gang is under the leadership of a male group, which directs their activities. Lastly, the hybrid (gender-integrated group) female group involves young stars from all races, gender, and ethnic group. The formation of the aforementioned groups has long-term impacts to both the persons involved and the society. In comparison to the male gangs, the female gangs have nothing to boast about in their antisocial career. According to Moore and Hagedorn imprisonment, drug abuse, early marriage, poor education, and motherhood linger on in the lives of the gang members for a longtime (8). Sex offences like rape that occur to females whose gang forms integration with men remain undercover. Consequently, the females experience emotional and psychological imbalance, which may force them to indulge in alcohol abuse and hard drugs like cocaine, khat, and marijuana among others. Miller and Decker cite violence/homicides as the short-term effect of females who join/form gangs (120). Therefore, poor health and isolation from the community/society because of involvement in drugs and other social crimes affects the individuals negatively. Although males and females may join forces to form a gang, females experience drastic decline in their health and social lives. Sociologists and criminologists associate female gangs to the immediate environment or family background. Nevertheless, sometimes adolescence, peer pressure, and self-affirmation influence youths to join the gangs. Nevertheless, regardless of the group that the females associate with; the long-term impacts are severe to their physical, social, and personal lives. Finally, sociologists recommend further research into the female gangs, as a social problem, which the society has neglected for a long time. Miller, Jody, and Scott Decker. â€Å"Young women and gang violence: gender, streetAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in Gangs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Offending and violent victimization in gangs.†Justice quarterly 18.1(2001): 116-140. Moore, Joan, and John Hagedorn. â€Å"Female gangs: A focus on research.†Juvenile justice Bulletin, March 2001.

Abstract of Chapter 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abstract of Chapter 8 - Essay Example Using the case of Health Net for the above elaborations, managers of most organizations in the present world realize that a long-run success needs a focus on the cost, service, and quality. The above three components comprise the competitive edge of the entity. Therefore, Health Net uses such management control system in achieving such focus. Health Net as one of the prevalent managed health-care organization in the United States. It has about 7,500 employees and a revenue of about $12 billion in the year 2011, have an excellent management control system that has placed it above its competitors. The organization offers coverage up to 5.6 million health plan members (Gitman, Zutter, In Mukherjee, In Battista, Gitman & Zutter, 2013). To compete effectively in the market, Health Net commenced a critical information systems development programs known as â€Å"fourth generation medical management.† The control regulator is for the creation of a greater opportunity for growing the overall quality as the costs decreased by managing the patient care in the electronic link. The system provides physicians and other health care providers an instant user-friendly electronic access to comprehensive information about the medical history of various patients as well as the best clinic treatment recommended. Therefore, a faster and a pre approved a referral to the best clinical resource whether specialist or an emergency room. The above measure ultimately satisfies the customers, and as a bonus, helps in the reduction of costs (Gitman, Zutter, In Mukherjee, In Battista, Gitman & Zutter, 2013). A balanced scorecard applies where there is a need to strike a balance between the financial and the nonfinancial measures during the performance measurement process. It therefore, links performance to rewards and, therefore, gives the explicit recognition of the relationship between the organizational

Electric cars vs hybrid cars Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Electric cars vs hybrid cars - Research Paper Example This paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of electric and hybrid cars as a move to reduce the rate at which CO2 is emitted in the atmosphere, and explains the reasons as to why hybrid cars are preferable than electric cars. First, what is an electric car? An electric car is powered or propelled by an electric motor that is powered by a rechargeable battery pack. These batteries can be recharged by household electricity. These cars do not use gasoline, instead they get their power from a controller which regulates the amount of power based on the acceleration rate (â€Å"Electric Cars a definitive guide†, n.d). Electric cars are environmentally friendly because they emit less or do not emit carbons than their counterparts that use gasoline but they do use rare metals that are used in manufacturing their batteries. This means zero emission of carbons to the environment; they do not contribute to climate change like those vehicles that use gasoline. In addition, electric cars do not use fossil fuels; they do not have internal combustion engines because they completely depend on rechargeable batteries. Furthermore, when the engine of an electric car is on, there is no noise as compared to gas-powered vehicle thus giving people a quiet ride. Further, the silent nature of electric cars makes them not associated with the issue of noise pollution (â€Å"Advantages and disadvantages of electric cars†, n.d). Another, advantage of electric cars is that they reduce air pollution since they do not emit pollutants. Furthermore, they have reduced green house gas emissions from the onboard source of energy depending on the technology and fuel used for generation of electricity to charge the batteries is clean (â€Å"Electric cars a look into the future†, n.d). In addition, there advantages of electric cars is that they have high energy efficient level since electric motors have the capability to convert 75% of the chemical energy from the

Music and Soundscapes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Music and Soundscapes - Research Paper Example That simply illustrates the power of the musical score, or the music that is played in the background of a scene as action takes place (Goodykoontz & Jacobs, 2011). The clip from the film â€Å"The Mask,† benefitted most from the power of sound effects. In general, rompy comedy clips do use a lot of exaggerated sound effects to enhance the humor in the scene and basically, to cue the laughter from the audience. The sound effects from the clip no doubt exaggerated the aspects of the scene but in a good way. The last category of sound is dialogue. This is simply the conversation that goes on among, and sometimes within, the characters (Goodykoontz & Jacobs, 2011). In my opinion, this is also the part that turns off most men from â€Å"chick flicks,† with the clip from â€Å"When Harry Met Sally† to stress my point (Ladies, we get enough of that from you at home so imagine what two hours of that will do to

My First Skydiving Experience Essay Example for Free

My First Skydiving Experience Essay Jumping is fun! Skydiving is not just falling; it is flying—the closest we have been able to come to free, unencumbered, non-mechanical individual flight, says Mike Turoff in the book The Skydivers Handbook. I totally agree with him because skydiving provides the maximum liberty that one can ever experience. In this article, Id like to describe to you my first jump in order to show you how much fun skydiving is. First of all, I learned about skydiving via the Internet and TV. There are countless pages of information about skydiving on the Internet. My first jump was a part of the accelerated free fall (AFF). AFF is a course for training new skydivers which includes fourteen jumps. Even though it has fourteen jumps, you will always remember the first one! On the jump day, I went to the skydiving center at 8:30 in the morning. The AFF course started at 9:00. The course included basic parachute equipment information, free falling information, emergency procedures, parachute opening, canopy control, and finally landing information. We were only four people in the classroom. The AFF students studied all the necessary lessons to make a safe skydive. We used special equipment to study parachute equipment, canopy control, and landing. After seven long hours, at the end of the class, we took a written exam. We had to score 100% in order to pass the test. Everybody passed. Then came the gear-up part! We put on our diving overalls, parachutes, altimeters which are used to watch the altitude during the skydive, helmets, gloves and goggles. There were many professional skydivers around, and they were giving us a hard time with some traditional skydiving jokes. I myself was the first person from the class who was going to jump. The next step was boarding the airplane. We used a twin otter double engine aircraft. That was a large aircraft; at least twenty skydivers could get on that plane. I was sitting between two jumpmasters (skydiving instructors) and in front of a cameraman. At that moment, I started feeling extremely worried and excited. The jumpmasters were talking to me, asking questions about my feelings. During the planes take off, all I could say was, Wow! Then, I began watched my altimeter to see whether the altitude number was changing. I want to stop here to tell you something about the other skydivers on board. They were very relaxed although the aircraft was uncomfortable. Probably, I was the most frightened person on board. The others were telling jokes to each other and even drinking juice. Some of them were offering me candies and gum to celebrate my becoming a skydiver. In short, those guys were the craziest people that I have ever seen together. Can you imagine someone drinking orange juice just before jumping down from thirteen thousand feet? Well, thats what they did. The altimeter was working perfectly. Only that fact was able to make me smile a little bit, but I was also considering what I could do if my parachute didnt open! Finally, all the altimeters were saying thirteen thousand feet. The jumpers opened the door. I looked down and was able to see someone who had al ready jumped. Then, because of the cold air at that altitude, my goggles smoked up and I could hardly see anymore. After a few seconds, the smoke disappeared and I could see the airplane was empty. All the other skydivers had already jumped except for my jumpmasters and myself. They told me to stand up and walk toward the exit door. I felt pretty heavy and could hardly walk.This may have been because of the heavy jump suit and parachute equipment. As I approached the door, I felt colder and colder. My cameraman was outside of the plane, and the jumpmasters were holding me tightly for a safe, very first skydive. My jumpmasters and I did the exiting procedures and finally let ourselves go out of the airplane. Those were the most interesting and enjoyable seconds that I have ever experienced. For a few seconds, I had a sense of falling. Then, I noticed that we were falling faster and faster as the seconds passed. After a while, after about the first ten seconds, I could see my cameraman filming my free fall. I was supposed to do some air maneuvers to pass to the second AFF level. I did those. My jumpmasters were still holding me and waiting actively for any possible emergencies. There was no longer any sense of falling and speed. It was mostly like floating in the air and hearing the wind deep in your ears. I periodically checked my altimeter to see the proper altitude to pull my ripcord and open the parachute. The necessary altitude to pull it was 5,500 feet. At that altitude, I gave a 5-5 signal to my jumpmasters, and I pulled my ripcord. That was extremely enjoyable. My parachute opened fast, and I felt a little shocked. Once my canopy opened, I checked it for any malfunction. It was perfectly okay and stable. The canopy flight, of course, was much slower than the free fall. I could see the beautiful environment from thousands of feet above. Then I looked for the drop zone landing area and saw it behind the clouds. I flew my parachute to the drop zone and very smoothly landed on the ground. I was one of the successful students who were able to walk right after touching down, without falling. The 5-minute adventure was ended! I picked up my parachute and walked through the skydiving building. It was a sunny day. My friends and my family members celebrated the adventure for the rest of the day, and I decided to continue skydiving. Today, I am an AFF level four student with three successful jumps. However, of course, my first jump will always be the most enjoyable and unforgettable one. If I were you, I would not waste any more time. I would sign up for a very first jump as soon as possible. Once you try it, you will not be able to stop making jumps. At least, I have not been able to do so. I continue to go skydiving whenever I can. I would like to give one more personal message: Skydiving is a must-do activity, and everyone must try it at least once in his or her life. I guarantee you that it will be an unforgettable experience for you, too!

Abe Lincoln :: essays research papers

Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in a log cabin in the Kentucky wilderness. When be was a little boy his Grandfather fought in the Revolutionary War. He had a little sister by the name of Sarah. As he went to school he met a boy by the name of Austin. They instantly became friends more so best of friends. At first Abe wasn't allowed to go to school because he didn't have a good pair of britches. In his pastime he loved to read. When Abe was eleven, his mother died of what they called "milk sick" which occurred from drinking unpasteurized milk. That was four years after they moved to a new farm in southern Indiana. He had to live in an open shed throughout the winter. The same year his mother died, his father remarried. He married Sarah Bush Johnson. She brought three kids and a cousin Dennis Hanks. When Abe was nineteen, he worked as a boatman and make his first trip down the Mississippi River to New Orleans, the center of the slave trade. When Abe was twenty-one, he moved with his family to Illinois. However Abe's brother Thomas didn't make it to Illinois because he died of influenza. Soon after Abe made his second trip on the flatboat to New Orleans to defend the blacks and fight slavery. Abe served as a captain in the Black Hawk War and was defeated. Abe came back to Illinois and not long after was elected to the State Legislature and soon became one of the most promising young Whig party leaders. When Abe was thirty-three, he married Mary Todd on November 4,1842. Over the next eleven years the two would have four children their names were Robert, Edward, William, and Thomas. Not long after their marriage Abe became a lawyer and practiced in Springfield, Illinois. Not long after that Abe was elected to Congress. While in Congress it was said that Abe had a secret romance with Ann Rutledge sadly, Ann died in 1835. Also during his reign in Congress Abe proposed that slave owners in the District of Columbia he lost a lot of popularity when doing so. Abe and his counter part Douglas debated each other over the expansion of slavery into the territories. As these debates went on a man by the name of John Brown attempted to start a rebellion by leading an attack on Harper's Ferry.

Healthy eating in schools

Hi, my name is Ben Dickens and I'm here today to make you are aware of the appalling state of food on offer at Salendine Nook High. We all send our Children to school believing that they will be there to learn and work towards attaining good grades. We also expect them to get a healthy and well balanced meal at lunch but to my amazement, this isn't the case. During a recent visit to the school through my job I was perplexed at how awful the food at the school is. Unbelievably our children are offered crisps, chocolate, cakes and fizzy pop at break times. At lunch times the food gets shockingly worse, our children are once again offered cakes and fizzy pop in addition to chips, burgers and pizzas. This is a total disgrace and it should not be allowed to happen to our children. The school has a responsibility to look after our children and I don't believe that offering this complete rubbish as food is responsible. In fact it's an outrage so I urge you to join me in my fight against the school and force them to change their menu. The only way it can happen is if we all join together and campaign to get the school to change. I feel change starts in the classroom, and educating our children in school would be the first step towards achieving our goal of healthier school meals. The school would also need to train the current staff or find better skilled staff to be able to prepare the meals. Doing this would mean we have a better chance of succeeding on our fight to reform school meals. I really can't stress how important healthy eating is at school, not only does it teach the children good habits and get them used to healthy foods but it can also boost energy and concentration levels. In a recent survey conducted by The School food trust claims that if a child eats a hot, well balanced and nutritious meal at lunch time it can boost concentration levels for afternoon classes. So not only is eating healthy good for our children's physical health it can also have a positive effect on their school work. Recently you may have heard about Jamie Oliver's healthy eating campaign and the positive effect it had on the children at Kidbrooke School. Before Jamie Oliver was involved at the school the exam results of year eleven students was at the lowly level pass rate of 74% after the school food was overhauled the pass rate is now at 90% and rising year by year. This is the effect that eating healthily at school can have on our children's exam results and their overall wellbeing. We all want the best for our children so why shouldn't we campaign for the school to change? Questions needs to be asked of the school as to why they aren't offering wide range of healthy foods. Is it just convenient for them to cook fast food without a thought for our children's future health? Are the school cooks skilled enough to prepare good food? Does the school actually care what they feed our children? Only the school know so we must demand answers and we must plead for change. We must do all we can to force the school to change, starting by directly contacting them and questioning their policies on the food in school. We must also contact local councillors and government officials to see if they can help change the food. Doing this may also spark a more widespread change which can only be good for the future of all our children. Hopefully if we persist with this campaign the school will eventually realise that the food needs to be healthier. I cannot stress enough how important it is to change the food. After all we all attempt to give our children a healthy diet at home so why should the school ruin that by feeding them disgusting greasy food? We don't want them growing up on such a bad diet so we must act now and stop the school from ruining our children's diets. So join me in this campaign so we can ensure a healthy experience at school for all of our children. Thank you very much for listening, on your way out of the venue please take an information pack with some further information for you to read. You can also follow us on twitter for updates on our fight.

Responses to the Spread of Buddhism

Responses to the Spread of Buddhism Although some elites in China found Buddhism to be important for the development of China between 220 CE and 570 CE, as time progressed through this period, Buddhism’s popularity seemed to decrease. Between 200 CE and 500 CE, scholars and the few followers of Buddhism seemed to have simply been trying to inform the people about Buddhism and they were attempting to gain popularity. Unfortunately, by around 819 CE, people seemed to have started disproving of Buddhism as China started to turn towards a more imperial society.Shortly after the fall of the Han Dynasty in 220 CE Buddhism started to spread very rapidly throughout the Chinese society. The people of China in this period were in a devastated state with no structured government and a falling economy. For them, Buddhism was a form of mental escape and it gave them a chance to let go of the natural world and reach a peace of mind. The first sermon preached by Buddha (Doc 1) was preached t o help people who were unaware of the religion to acknowledge it and realize that it is a religion that will give them an opportunity to forget about the current devastation they are in.The sermon teaches the people that there is no point in grieving over something and instead they should rid themselves of their pleasures and try to look beyond the material world. The sermon teaches that every negative feeling someone might have is a form of sorrow and getting rid of that sorrow is the only way to attain happiness. Zhi Dun (Document 2) is conveying both to Buddhists followers and non-followers of Buddhism that Buddha is the almighty. He is trying to teach the people that without recognizing and obeying Buddha, it is impossible to attain enlightenment.Both Dun and Buddha are find Buddhism to be relieving and are attempting to gain more followers. Both documents are attempting to convince and inform people of what Buddhism really is and how it can help one’s mental stability. A fter about 500 CE, as Chinese people seemed to start rethinking their disposition on Buddhism more people became accepting of Buddhism and other religions or philosophies to coexist. Both â€Å"The Disposition of Error† (Doc 3) and Zong Mi (Doc 5) are neutral in their point of view of religion and they are both willing to accept more than one religion. â€Å"The Disposition of Error† is claiming that Confucianism and Buddhism should both be accepted and that Confucian and Buddhist practices should not have to wholly agree with each other in order for both of them to be accepted. Although ancient Confucian scriptures to not contain any mention of Buddhism, it does not mean the Buddhism cannot be practiced by anyone because Confucian scriptures do not consist of every possible view of the world. Likewise, Zong Mi (Doc 3) believes that Confucianism, Daosim, and Buddhism all took a major role in creating the orderly society that the Chinese were currently living in.He beli eved the all three were equal in their teachings even if they were being taught in various ways and they should all be accepted with the same amount of respect. After the late 700s, as societies in China became more developed and a finally stable nation seemed to be right around the corner, people started to view Buddhism as impractical in their current societies. They felt that practicing Buddhism would cause much disruption in the society. This mentality started to develop because Buddhism asked for a person to let go of everything in life and to live independently.Unfortunately, not many people liked this lifestyle anymore because in order for the society to function there would have to be a working class and in order to increase population, a man must be able to start a family neither of which Buddhism allows. Han Yu (Doc 4) felt that Buddhism was a crude religion and that Buddha himself was an immoral person. He felt that Buddha disobeyed Confucianism which he claimed to follow and he did not even follow a simple dress code for the society.Yu sees Buddha as a form as a rebel and did not understand the importance of obeying rules. Yu is disgusted at the fact that servants and citizens are bringing back newly found remains of Buddha’s body into the palace. Similarly, Emperor Tang Wu (Doc 6) believes that practicing Buddhism is extremely unreasonable. He feels this way mainly because Buddhism does not allow men to work or contribute to society and that is vital in order for the developing Chinese society to keep building.Wu finds Buddhism as evil because he believes it causes people to abandon their responsibilities as a part of society such as having kids and cultivating their crops, much like the ideas of Han Yu. Although many different documents from various time periods were provided, additional points of view could help the reader’s analysis on the response to Buddhism more accurate. For example, all of the documents were of only elite cla ss people while the readers are unaware of what a peasant in the society feels about Buddhism.A peasant’s input would be a great contribution to the overall analysis of responses because peasants make up most of the population so their point of view would be extremely important. Another possible extra opinion could be that of a woman. Although a woman’s opinion didn’t necessarily have much importance in early China, it may still be important for us to know whether women truly accepted Buddhism, or if they went along with it only because they were forced to.All in all, Buddhism was met with many mixed reviews in its introduction shortly after the fall of the Han Dynasty. At first many people found Buddhism as an excuse to not have to cope with the devastating society they were living in. However, as time progressed and China’s future seemed much brighter, people started feeling as though Buddhism was in fact hindering the society from being able to move fo rward and catch up with the rest of the world. Overall, Buddhism has greatly affected our world’s past and present and with without it, we wouldn’

AQA Computing CPT3 Essay Example

AQA Computing CPT3 Essay Example AQA Computing CPT3 Essay AQA Computing CPT3 Essay This will provide a temporary variable location which holds the representation of the digits, this is stored in form of number User Interfaces This part of section 1 will show a diagram of the petrol pump, with appropriate annotations and notes identifying the features of the petrol pump console, such as the buttons and displays. The Lift Nozzle Start Dispensing button starts the petrol pump timer, this will make the dispensed petrol clock (variable fuelClock) start, incrementing 0.01 each time. It will also allow the customer to pay display (variable totalToPay) to function correctly by calculating the amount the customer has to pay according to the price per litre (variable pricePerLitre) and the dispensed petrol clock (variable fuelClock). This button will also change the pump status from the default status of Pump Is Ready To Use to Pump Is In Use.The Stop Dispensing button will stop the petrol pump timer, this will make the dispensed petrol clock (variable fuelClock) stop, it will also stop the pay display (variable totalToPay) to stop calculating, and provide the final amount of petrol that the customer has to pay for the current transaction, this is calculated according to the price per litre (variable pricePerLitre) and the dispensed petrol clock (variable fuelClock). The button will also change the current pump status of Pump Is In Use to Pump Stopped, Replace Nozzle.The Replace Nozzle button will change the current status of the pump from Pump Stopped, Replace Nozzle to Awaiting Payment, this will allow the cashier to await actual payment for the current transaction so that they are able to press the Reset button on their interface. User Interface (Continued) The Reset Pump button will change the current status of the pump from Awaiting Payment to Pump Is Ready To Use, the petrol pump will also reset the fuel timer / dispensed total (variable fuelClock), the to pay total (variable totalToPay), the pump will add the pay total for the current transaction to the total takings for the day (variable totalTakings), and the pump will add the dispensed total for the current transaction to the dispensed total today display (variable dispensedTotal). A message will also appear in the message box, on the cashiers interface identifying that the petrol pump has been reset (message The Pump Has Been Reset).The Show Daily Report button will change the message box status showing the total takings for the day (variable totalTakings) and the dispensed total today (variable dispensedTotal). After each transaction the Total To Pay is added to the Total Daily Takings variable (calculation totalToPay + totalTakings).The Set Price input box and button in conjunction will update the price of the petrol per litre (variable pricePerLitre), the user will have to input the new price, and then click the Set Price button to change the price, once the price has been changed the status of the Message Box will change to Price Has Been Adjusted. If the new price entered is below 0.01 and above 2.00 an error message will display, such as Price Is Too High, Must Be Below à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.00. The price per litre displays on the customer and cashier interfaces will change immediately after the price has been adjusted.

Charles Law essays

Charles Law essays Using Charles Law To Determine Absolute Zero One of the variables that affects the volume of a gas is the temperature of the gas and its surroundings. This volume-temperature relationship is quantified in Charless law. The law states that as the temperature of a gas decreases, the volume of the gas decreases proportionately. An ideal gas at 273 K, for example would decrease in volume by 1/273 of its original volume for each Celsius degree the temperature decreases. If the temperature decreased sufficiently, the volume should decrease to zero. Real gases, however, liquefy and solidify long before this theoretical limit, called absolute zero, is reached. By using air as a sample of a real gas and limiting the temperature range, it is possible to estimate the temperature that would correspond to absolute zero. Demonstrate the relationships between the temperature of a gas and its volume. Estimate the temperature of absolute zero by extrapolation. Fill two 400-mL beakers half full with tap water. Begin heating the water in one beaker to a temperature that is 10*C above room temperature. Fill a thin stem pipet completely with room temperature water. To make sure the pipet is filled, first draw in as much water as possible. Then, holding the pipet by the bulb with the stem pointing upward, squeeze the bulb slightly to eject any air left in the bulb and stem. Keeping this pressure on the bulb, insert the tip of the stem into the water. Release the pressure on the bulb, and the pipet will fill completely. ...